[Prevalence and characteristics of accommodative esotropia at nikookari eye center form 2004 to 2009]

To study the prevalence and characteristics of accommodative esotropia [AET]. In a descriptive analytic study records of all patients referred from 1383 to 1388 to the strabismus clinic at Nikookari Eye Center were reviewed and demographic data such as age, gender, refractive error, type of AET, mean deviation and amblyopia were analyzed. A total of 2,146 patients were referred during this period. AET comprised 142 [11.55%] patients. 35.9% of these patients were male and 64.1% were female. Mean age at presentation was 5.85 +/- 4.4 years. The frequency of refractive accommodative ET [RAET], non-refractive accommodative ET [NRAET], partially accommodative ET [PAET] were 82 [57.7%], 7 [4.9%] and 53 [37.3%], respectively. Overall, 69 [48.6%] patients were amblyopic and spherical equivalent refractive error was +4.22 +/- 1.82 D. Inferior oblique overaction [IOOA] and dissociated vertical deviation [DVD] were seen in 5 [3.5%] and 2 [1.4%] of patients respectively. RAET is the most common and NRAET is the least common form of AET. Amblyopia is common in AET. The prevalence of associated findings such as DVD and IOOA is low

[Evaluation of histologic changes of human dental pulp following orthodontic extrusive and intrusive forces]

Statement of Problem: Understanding the effects of orthodontic force on the pulp is of particular interest, especially because altered pulpal respiration rate, secondary dentin formation, internal root resorption, and even pulpal necrosis have all been associated with orthodontic treatment

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effects of orthodontic extrusive and intrusive forces on the histologic changes of the human dental pulp after 3 days and 3 weeks

Materials and Method: In this study, 52 sound upper first premolars from 26 patients, scheduled for extraction for orthodontic reasons, were selected. The patients were divided randomly into 2 groups [3 days and 3 weeks]. In each group, 10 teeth received orthodontic extrusive forces, 10 teeth underwent intrusive forces and 6 teeth served as controls. Histologic changes were evaluated and the data were statistically evaluated by nonparametric tests

Results: Vacuolization and disruption of the odontoblastic layer showed statistically significant differences between the control and either of the experimental groups in each test period. Furthermore, fibrous tissue formation in the extrusive group was significantly higher than the control group in the 3-week period. There was no significant difference between 3-day and 3-week intervals in each experimental group, except that fibrosis in the extrusive group was significantly increased after 3 weeks of force application. Comparison between extrusive and intrusive groups revealed no statistical significance in each test period

Conclusion: The results indicate that if orthodontic forces are applied in the optimal range and are not more intense than the physiological limit of tissue tolerance, irreversible injuries to the pulp can be prevented

[ correlation between helicobacter pylori infection and squamous cell carcinoma of larynx and hypopharynx]

From the most important laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer risk factors are smoking, alcohol and anemia. But reflux is one of the suggested etiologies. Pregnancy, Nonstroidal anti inflammation drugs and drugs decreasing the lower esophageal sphincter pressure will increase the reflux. Helicobacter pylories role in reflux formation is different due to the involved region and can also have a decreasing role and decline the rate of a series of esophageal and upper aero digestive system disease. This cross - sectional and case - control study was done in Qaem medical hospital, Mashhad during the years 1384 and 1385, for serum level detection of anti -H.pylori IgG and IgA antibodies in blood samples of both control and case groups. The variables were age, sex and serum test results. 45 patients [39 male and 6 female] and 42 controls [33 male and 9 female] were evaluated. 2 groups were matched for age and sex. Positive IgG and IgA results in patients in order was 3 person [6.6 percent] and 3 person [6.6 person] and in control group 26 person [61.9%] and 12 person [28.5%]. Result [P>0.001] was for healthy group showing the protective effect of H. Pylori against laryngeal cancer. In our study, control group with a meaningful difference was affected by H.Pylori infection. This can be due to a protective effect for H. Pylori against the laryngeal and hypopharyngeal malignancies. Prospective studies and simultaneously evaluation of reflux, H. Pylori infection and the regain of gastric location are suggested

Biocompatibility of Iranian Niti alloy

Nitinol [NiTi] is the most interesting smart material used in orthopedic surgery and production of artificial muscles. Considering its medical applications, Nitinol biocompatibility is, therefore, quite important. This issue is discussed in this paper. Nitinol alloy experimentally produced by melting and casting under vacuum, plus imported commercial AO samples were implanted in limb tissue of a number of male rats. Twenty one days after the implantation, fibroblast and fibrosis formation in the tissues around the alloy were studied. The amount of the alloy that was corroded under the experimental invitro conditions was acceptable. The biocompatibility of the experimentally made alloy implanted in limb tissue was nearly similar to that of the imported alloy. According to the results obtained, utilization of Nitinol in medicine is scientifically justifiable. Possibilities of its wide industrial and medical applications favorably support the mass production of the alloy in the country, and its biocompatible parallels that of the imported material

Epstein - Barr virus antibody titers in non nasopharyngeal head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

The object of this study was to compare EBV antibody titers between various nonnasopharyngeal head and neck SCC and healthy control persons. During 2 years period ELISA was used to investigate titer of different classes of antibody against VCA, EA, and EBNA component of EBV in patient and control group. of 41 patients enrolled in the study 21 were diagnosed by pathological study with pharyngeal and 20 with laryngeal carcinoma. All of different classes of EBV antibody except for EBNA [IgG] in patient group were significantly higher than those in control group. Statistical analysis did not show a significant difference in antibody titers between laryngeal and pharyngeal location of disease as well as between tobacco user and non user groups. Based on the present study there is an association between high EBV antibody titers and non nasopharyngeal head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Further experiments on tissue samples could investigate the role of EBV in tumor genesis of laryngopharyngeal carcinoma